Újszeged Medical Center

Understanding High Blood Pressure

Many people recognize high blood pressure as a widespread condition, yet few are aware that it is a contributing factor in 80–90% of cardiovascular diseases. Unfortunately, because it often causes no symptoms, it can go untreated for decades. In my practice, I frequently encounter patients who, after being diagnosed with high blood pressure and starting treatment, stop taking their prescribed medications after a few weeks or months for various reasons. It is essential to emphasize that early detection and treatment of this condition are crucial for both the quality of life and life expectancy of patients.

What is High Blood Pressure?
Blood pressure naturally fluctuates minute by minute and varies throughout the day as our body adapts to internal and external changes. High blood pressure is diagnosed when the average of three readings taken at one-week intervals meets or exceeds 140/90 mmHg. If other risk factors or metabolic conditions are present, this threshold lowers to 135/85 mmHg, which also applies to home measurements. These values are the same regardless of age, meaning that any reading above these levels should be treated, typically with medication as needed. However, it is always necessary to rule out underlying conditions such as thyroid or kidney diseases.

A common misconception is that medication is no longer necessary once blood pressure normalizes, indicating a "cure." High blood pressure is not curable but can be effectively managed. Numerous studies have shown that timely treatment, even starting in early adulthood, can ensure good cardiovascular health for decades. Unfortunately, many people avoid regular medication, fearing side effects. However, the actual side effects of prescribed medications are far less harmful than the irreversible cardiovascular damage caused by untreated high blood pressure.

The Advantages of Home Blood Pressure Monitoring
In some cases, blood pressure readings in a doctor’s office may be elevated even in individuals with normal blood pressure. Therefore, it is advisable to monitor blood pressure regularly at home, especially if there is a family history of hypertension or if the individual is overweight. Regular monitoring is also essential for those already diagnosed and treated for high blood pressure to ensure treatment effectiveness.

Guidelines for Home Blood Pressure Monitoring

• Measure at the same time each day.
• Avoid smoking or consuming coffee one hour before measuring.
• Rest quietly for 2–3 minutes before taking a reading.
• Ensure the cuff is positioned at heart level.
• Remain still and avoid speaking or crossing your legs during the measurement.
• Measure on both arms, with a one-minute interval between readings.
• Note that a strong urge to urinate can affect results.

A difference of 10–15 mmHg between readings on each arm is acceptable. It is also normal to observe variations in blood pressure at different times of the day.