Újszeged Medical Center

Lipid Metabolism: Functions, Disorders, and Risks

Lipid metabolism primarily takes place in the liver and adipose tissues, involving the synthesis and breakdown of fats and fat-like substances. This complex process is regulated by intricate mechanisms, which are partly genetic and partly influenced by proper or improper nutrition. Hormones play a key role in metabolism, including insulin, adrenaline, thyroid hormones, and sex hormones. The role of these hormones highlights the importance of inherited factors in lipid metabolism, as their function is also determined by familial traits.

Excessive production of fatty acids can occur either concurrently—where all lipid values are abnormal to varying degrees—or selectively, where only certain values deviate. Lipid metabolism disorders usually cause no symptoms but pose a significant risk to life expectancy, as they greatly increase the likelihood of developing cardiovascular diseases.

Hypercholesterolemia

Hypercholesterolemia involves elevated total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol ("bad cholesterol"), which may be accompanied by normal or abnormal levels of HDL cholesterol ("good cholesterol"). The most unfavorable scenario occurs when bad cholesterol levels are high, and good cholesterol levels are low. The more pronounced these abnormalities, the higher the cardiovascular risk. While proper nutrition can help reduce these levels, scientific evidence suggests that diet alone can only achieve approximately a 10% reduction.

Hypertriglyceridemia

Hypertriglyceridemia refers to triglyceride levels that exceed the normal range, often accompanied by elevated blood sugar or uric acid levels. Mild abnormalities are common even in young people and may indicate an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life. In recent years, hypertriglyceridemia has also been linked to the development of fatty liver disease. Reducing the intake of starchy foods and alcohol can help lower triglyceride levels, though diet alone is unlikely to achieve significant improvements.

Mixed Lipid Metabolism Disorders

In mixed lipid metabolism disorders, all the above-mentioned lipids may be elevated beyond normal levels.

When to Seek Medical Attention

If you suspect you belong to these risk groups or experience similar symptoms, it is advisable to undergo laboratory testing first.

In the Szeged area, laboratory tests can be conducted without waiting in line. Appointments are available on weekdays between 5:30 and 8:00 a.m., with prior scheduling.

For accurate results, fasting blood samples are recommended, as data critical for risk assessment can vary due to daily fluctuations, potentially leading to misleading conclusions.

Based on your lab results, consultations with our diabetologists, cardiologists, neurologists, hypertensiologists, or, if necessary, dietitians are available.